The characterization of proton conduction leads to controversial data, often resulting from misinterpretation of the experimental measurements. All methods require the detection of minute variations in the hydrogen concentration in a flowing gas. Such analysis in a gas containing water vapor is a challenge. We propose a new setup allowing the measurement of P(O-2); P(H-2) and P(H2O). Two methods for determination of the transport numbers are used, i.e., the permeation and Faradaic efficiency methods. Two cases are considered in this study, i.e., a mixed conductor (mostly electronic conductor), i.e., palladium, and a purely ionic conductor, i.e., La-9.6(SiO4)(6)O(2.4)A oxyapatite, which is an anionic conductor, though protonic conduction has been assumed in recent studies. This study clearly shows that La-9.6(SiO4)(6)O-2.4 oxyapatite is a pure anionic conductor, without contribution from protonic conduction, under usual conditions (1 atm., 475-615 degrees C). (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.