One-dimensional CdS@Cr2O3 core/shell nanorod catalyst was prepared via one-step photodeposition for photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen. The Cr2O3 shell was homogeneously coated on the surface of CdS/Pt core, forming coaxial heterostructure. This one-dimensional core/shell heterostructural assembly facilitates the high efficient photogenerated charge separation and transfer from CdS to Cr2O3 under visible light illumination, which suppressed the photocorrosion of CdS. Moreover, with the help of artificial blood component perfluorodecalin (PFDL), the nascent formed oxygen was removed from the reaction mixture, which further inhibited the oxygen induced photocorrosion, finally the catalyst exhibited 126.6 mu mol.g(catalyst)(-1) H-2 formation in 2 h without sacrifice reagent addition under visible light irradiation. No significant decay of activity was observed in 8 h. The present results showed core-shell heterostructural CdS@Cr2O3 could be one of candidates for photo catalytic water splitting catalysts and oxygen capture reagent PFDL could be used for removing nascent oxygen to inhibit the H-2-O-2 recombination reverse reaction and enhance hydrogen evolution activity.