Sustainable production of 2,3-pentanedione from lactic acid over Ba2P2O7 doped with Cs was investigated. Varying Cs components and calcination temperature can efficiently tune the acid-base properties of catalysts. It was found that both base site density and acid site density had a marked impact on catalytic performance for condensation of lactic acid to 2,3-pentanedione. Enhanced base site density and acid site density favor the catalytic activity. Furthermore, base/acid molar ratio has also played an important role on catalytic performance. From the observations based on the effect of Cs doped amount and calcination temperature, an appropriate base/add molar ratio is around 8. Low reaction temperature as well as low LA LHSV favors selective formation of 2,3-pentanedione from lactic acid over the catalyst of 1.0CsNO(3)/2.5Ba(2)P(2)O(7) calcined at 600 degrees C. Encouragingly, the condensation reaction of lactic acid proceeds efficiently at around 28 h on stream, and 2,3-pentanedione selectivity remains around 60%.