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Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.164, No.12, E312-E320, 2017
Performance and Evaluation of Electro-Oxidation Treatment of Human Urine Metabolite Uric Acid Using Response Surface Methodology
In this work, electrocatalytic treatment of uric acid has been performed by anodic oxidation using mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode and stainless steel as a cathode. A full factorial Box-Behnken design under response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effect of various operating parameters such as current applied (i), pH of the solution, NaCl concentration (n) and treatment time (t) in an electrochemical cell. 92% degradation of uric acid (C-0 = 50 mg L-1) was achieved with all the optimal conditions e.g. current intensity 0.3 A, pH of 2 and treatment time of 6.95 min. The main strength of the study lies in the reporting the durability of electrodes besides being cost-effective. The electrodes were durable enough to be used even after sixty cycles as confirmed through SEM/EDS and XRD. The mineralization of uric acid was confirmed through a reduction in COD and TOC along with generation of nitrite and nitrate ions. A degradation pathway for uric acid has been proposed based on the intermediates formed as identified through LC-MS analysis. Hence the attempts in the present study will open up new opportunities in the field of eco-sanitation especially in developing countries for the on-site treatment of human urine. (C) 2017 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.