Conjugated polymers have attracted considerable attention due to their versatile applications in the fields of organic optoelectronic devices. In this study, we describe the synthesis and photovoltaic applications of a series of donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated polymers having acetylene-linked fluorene-based donor monomers and benzothiadiazole-based acceptor monomers. The link pattern (carbon-carbon single, triple bond) has a significant influence on the solubility, thermal, optical, and structural properties of these polymers. Compared to C-C single-bond linked polymers PFu-1 and PFu-3, the UV absorption of triple-bond linked PFu-2 and PFu-4 polymers is red-shifted due to higher coplanarity and effective p-p stacking of polymer backbones. The range of the power conversion efficiency of bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated by the resulting polymer series is 1.02-1.30%.