Solar Energy, Vol.159, 768-776, 2018
Simple and effective methods to match photovoltaic power generation to the grid load profile for a PV based energy system
Future electrical power supplies will primarily consist of renewable energy sources. Because of the recent price reduction for photovoltaic (PV) modules, PV systems will play a major role in the implementation of renewable energy sources in the global energy portfolio. For effective large-scale integration of PV systems into the energy system, a key challenge is the mismatch of PV power generation with the actual load curve during the day and in different seasons. This article shows how PV power plants should be adapted to load requirements to achieve peak power output during periods of high demand via the following actions: azimuth and tilt angle modifications, the use of angle selective optical surfaces, thermal conditioning of PV modules, and smart site selection. Moreover, the article also addresses several possibilities regarding load management, such as load shifting, inducements, load adaptation, and appropriate market design. A new, non-technical method is the shift of the holiday season from summer to winter, which has the potential to achieve effective results at small costs within the shortest period.