Performance assessment of oxidants as a biocide for biofouling control in industrial seawater cooling towers

Mohammed Al-Bloushi; Jayaprakash Saththasivam; Sari Al-Sayeghc; Sanghyun Jeong; Kim Choon Ng; Gary L. Amy; TorOve Leiknes

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.59, 127-133, March, 2018

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2017.10.015 Export Citation

Performance assessment of oxidants as a biocide for biofouling control in industrial seawater cooling towers

Mohammed Al-Bloushi^{1, †}, Jayaprakash Saththasivam², Sari Al-Sayeghc³, Sanghyun Jeong^{1, 4}, Kim Choon Ng¹, Gary L. Amy¹, and TorOve Leiknes¹

¹aWater Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
²Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Doha 5825, Qatar
³SABIC Corporate Research and Development Center -(CRD) at KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
⁴Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea

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Biofouling can significantly hamper the efficiency of seawater cooling towers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of alternative oxidants (i.e. ozone (O3) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2)) comparing with commonly being used chlorine in biofouling control. Effects of cycle of concentration, temperature and oxidant dosage along with residual decay and kinetics were studied. Even at lower oxidant dosage (total residual oxidant equivalent = 0.1 mg/l Cl2), ClO2 showed a better disinfection effect compared to chlorine and O3. Results of bench-scale studies will be helpful in the selection of appropriate oxidant for seawater cooling tower operation.

Keywords:Biofouling;Biocide;Cooling tower;Disinfection;Oxidants;Seawater

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[1] de Almeida LFS, de Matos Beleza V, Pereira IMB, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 14, 438 (1997)

[2] Kim JK, Smith R, Chem. Eng. Sci., 56(12), 3641 (2001)

[3] Bedekar SV, Nithiarasu P, Seetharamu KN, Energy, 23(11), 943 (1998)

[4] Milosavljevic N, Heikkila P, Appl. Therm. Eng., 21, 899 (2001)

[5] Kroger DG, Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers, PennWell Books, 2004.

[6] Sharqawy MH, Husain IS, Zubair SM, Lienhard JHV, ASME. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 2017, pp. 371.377, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2011-62977 Advances in Aerospace Technology; Energy Water Nexus; Globalization of Engineering; Posters.

[7] Ashbrook CL, Scarborough DB, Method and apparatus for treating cooling tower water, Google Patents, (1988).

[8] Brankevich GJEA, Technol. Soc. J., 24, 20 (1990)

[9] Melo L, Bott T, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 14, 375 (1997)

[10] Fields BS, Benson RF, Besser RE, Clin. Microbiol. Rev, 15, 506 (2002)

[11] Armstrong T, Haas CN, Risk Anal., 27, 1581 (2007)

[12] Meesters KPH, Van Groenestijn JW, Gerritse J, Water Res., 37, 525 (2003)

[13] Bousher A, Brimblecombe P, Midgley D, Water Res., 20, 865 (1986)

[14] Rajagopal S, Nair KVK, Azariah J, van der Velde G, Jenner HA, Mar. Environ. Res., 41, 201 (1996)

[15] Applegate LE, Erkenbrecher CW, Winters H, Desalination, 74, 51 (1989)

[16] Ram NM, Mussalli YG, Chow W, Res. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 62, 789 (1990)

[17] F. Am Water Works Res, Langlais B, Reckhow DA, Brink DR, Ozone in Water Treatment: Application and Engineering, CRC press, 1991.

[18] Ikegami Y, Urata K, Antifouling Technology for Seawater Intake Pipes of OTEC Using Ozonation, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, 2006.

[19] Sugita H, Asai T, Hayashi K, Mitsuya T, Amanuma K, Maruyama C, Deguchi Y, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, 4072 (1992)

[20] Nakayama S, Tanaka M, Yamauchi S, Tabata N, Ozone-Sci. Eng., 7(1), 31 (1985)

[21] Perrins JC, Cooper WJ, van Leeuwen J, Herwig RP, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 52, 1023 (2006)

[22] Crittenden JC, Trussell RR, Hand DW, Howe KJ, Tchobanoglous G, MWH's Water Treatment: Principles and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

[23] Craun GF, Safety of Water Disinfection: Balancing Chemical and Microbial Risks, ILSI Press, 1993.

[24] Yu HW, Oh SG, Kim IS, Pepper I, Snyder S, Jang A, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, 193 (2015)

[25] Agus E, Voutchkov N, Sedlak DL, Desalination, 237(1-3), 214 (2009)

[26] Petrucci G, Rosellini M, Desalination, 182(1-3), 283 (2005)

[27] Kim BR, Anderson JE, Mueller SA, Gaines WA, Kendall AM, Water Res., 36, 4433 (2002)

[28] Agus E, Voutchkov N, Sedlak DL, Desalination, 237(1-3), 214 (2009)

[29] Granstrom ML, Lee GF, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 50, 1453 (1958)

[30] Huber MM, Korhonen S, Ternes TA, Von Gunten U, Water Res., 39, 3607 (2005)