Combining the excellent properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) and copper, CNT/Cu composite fibers were fabricated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and rolling treatment. Dense and continuous copper film (similar to 2 mu m) was coated on the surface of the CNT fibers by PVD, and rolling treatment was adopt to strengthen the CNT/Cu composite fibers. After the rolling treatment, the defects between the Cu grains and the CNT bundles were eliminated, and the structure of both the copper film and the core CNT fibers were optimized. The rolled CNT/Cu composite fibers possess high tensile effective strength (1.01 +/- 0.13 GPa) and high electrical conductivity ((2.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(7) S/m), and thus, this material may become a promising wire material. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.