Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting based doping modified one dimensional (1D) titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures provide an efficient method for hydrogen generation. Here we first successfully fabricated 1D Si-doped TiO2 (Ti-Si-O) nanotube arrays through anodizing Ti-Si alloys with different Si amount, and reported the PEC properties for water splitting. The Ti-Si-O nanotube arrays fabricated on Ti-5 wt.% Si alloy and annealed at 600 degrees C possess higher PEC activity, yielding a higher photocurrent density of 0.83 mA/cm(2) at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The maximum photoconversion efficiency was 0.54%, which was 2.7 times the photoconversion efficiency of undoped TiO2. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.