This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, alogliptin, and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, pioglitazone, in a preclinical model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mice fed a modified choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet. Monotherapy with either alogliptin (10-200 mg/kg) or pioglitazone (6-20 mg/kg) significantly decreased hepatic triglyceride content and fibrosis. The concomitant treatment of alogliptin (30 mg/kg), pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) also decreased hepatic triglyceride and hepatic collagen-I mRNA at greater extent compared to monotherapy. Hepatic expression of CD11b mRNA and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were also reduced by the concomitant treatment. These results suggest that via an anti-inflammatory potential in addition to anti-metabolic effects, the combination therapy of alogliptin and pioglitazone may provide therapeutic benefits to type 2 diabetes patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which will be proven in controlled clinical trials. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.