Intramuscular fat is used to determine meat quality in animals; however, factors affecting branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, which fuels adipogenesis and lipogenesis, remain unclear. To better understand the post-transcriptional influence on BCAA catabolism during adipogenesis, we investigated the role of miR-124-3p. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells were isolated from skeletal muscle of sheep, and induced to differentiate. We determined the roles of miR-124-3p and its predicted target, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase El, alpha polypeptide (BCKDHA), in adipogenic differentiation and lipogenesis of SVFs after overexpressing or inhibiting miR-124-3p or BCKDHA, respectively. miR-124-3p altered the luciferase activity of constructs containing 3'-VTR of BCKDHA and the formation of lipid droplets, along with the adipogenic markers and BCAA consumption. Besides, the adipogenic performance and BCAA consumption in BCKDHA-overexpressing or knocked-down SVFs and the expression of adipogenic marker genes were altered. We demonstrate that miR-124-3p is an important factor for adipogenesis and provide insights into the formation of intramuscular fat in animals. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.