A non-enzymatic nanocomposite of 12-heteropolyacids and CeO2@Pt alloy nanoparticles decorated by reduced graphene oxide (RGO), was successfully developed by a facile and eco-friendly route for simultaneous determination of xanthine (XA) and uric acid (UA). The surface morphology and structure of the nanocomposite were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. And then, the electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite were further examined by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The as-prepared nanocomposite exhibited excellent sensing performance towards the determination of UA and XA simultaneously with a widely linear range from 4.43 x 10(-7) M to 4.52 x 10(-4) M and 1.25 x 10(-7) M to 5.73 x 10(-4) M, respectively, along with a relatively low detection limit of 5.13 x 10(-8) M and 1.34 x 10(-8) M, mainly because of the synergistic effect of the active components. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite also revealed a superb anti-interference property, as well as good stability and reproducibility. What's more, the nanocomposite was applied in detecting XA and UA in real samples with satisfactory results, demonstrating that the nanocomposite of PMo6W6/RGO-CeO2@Pt would be a good potential candidate sensor for practical detecting xanthine and uric acid. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.