Electrochimica Acta, Vol.259, 485-491, 2018
Vapor assisted deposition of alkaline doped perovskites: Pure phase formation of Cs(x)MA(1-x)PbI(3)
Alkaline doping (Cs, Rb) in CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI(3)) is known to enhance the stability of perovskite solar cells. The films are usually deposited using anti-solvent method, which is tricky and not applicable for large scale deposition. Besides, in case of Cs(x)MA(1-x)PbI(3) the amount of Cs must be carefully controlled to prevent CsI phase formation. Herein, we report an atmospheric pressure vapor assisted solution process (AP-VASP) for the growth of Cs doped MAPbI3 perovskite films that features highly uniform morphology, pin-hole free films, large grain size, as well as being scalable. The Cs(x)MA(1-x)PbI(3) films are formed by the reaction of Cs doped PbI2 films with MAI vapor in a simple oven. We demonstrate a simple method for obtaining Cs(x)MA(1-x)PbI(3) films with Cs content as high as 20% without phase segregation of CsPbI3 or CsI. Impedance spectra measurements reveal that Cs incorporation into MAPbI(3) increases recombination resistance, up to 83% (28 vs. 15 Omega cm(2)), resulting in higher open circuit voltage and efficiency. The photovoltaic performance is considerably improved by Cs doping, with the highest efficiency being 14.1% for the Cs(0.1)MA(0.9)PbI(3) cells compared with 13% for the MAPbI(3) ones. As expected, Cs(0.1)MA(0.9)PbI(3) cells show better stability compared to MAPbI3 cells. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Atmospheric pressure;Cesium;Perovskite solar cell;Vapor assisted solution deposition;Methylammonium lead iodide