A facile and rapid sonochemical method has been developed for the synthesis of Co2SnO4 nanostructures in presence of glucose as a green capping agent, for the first time. The effect of different parameters such as ultrasonic irradiation, time irradiation, basic agent and solvent were studied to reach optimum size and morphology conditions. The optimized Co2SnO4 nanostructures anchored onto graphene sheets and Co2SnO4/Graphene nanocomposite synthesized through pre-graphenization, successfully. In this paper, hydrogen storage capacity of optimized Co2SnO4 nanostructures and Co2SnO4/Graphene nanocomposite compared for the first time. Co2SnO4/Graphene nanocomposite show more excellent electrochemical performance than pure Co2SnO4 nanoparticles. It was found that the synergistic effect between Co2SnO4 nanoparticles and graphene sheets can improve the electrochemical performance of this hybrid composites electrode. After 25 cycles, the discharging capacities of the Co2SnO4 nanostructure and Co2SnO4/Graphene nano composite electrode reach 1190 and 2700 mAh/g, respectively. (C) 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.