By selective attachment of fluorescent dyes to the core-forming block, we produced patchy micelles of diblock copolymers with fluorophores localized in the micellar cores. From these patchy micelles functionalized with dyes, fluorescent supracolloidal chains in a few micrometers were polymerized by combining the patches in neighboring micelles, indicating that selective modification of the core-forming block delivered the functionality into the supracolloidal chain without altering the polymerization of patchy micelles. Thus, with the same polymerization condition, we were able to produce red-, green-, and blue-emitting supracolloidal chains by varying the fluorescent dyes attached to the core-forming block. In addition, we directly visualized individual supracolloidal chains by fluorescence confocal microscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy.