Applied Surface Science, Vol.446, 151-159, 2018
On the mechanism of ion-induced bending of nanostructures
This contribution concentrates on ion-induced bending phenomena which may serve as a versatile tool to manufacture nanostructured devices. In particular bending was studied in free standing Au cantilevers. The preparation and irradiation of the cantilevers were performed using a TESCAN LYRA dual beam system. Cantilevers with thicknesses ranging between 90 and 200 nm were irradiated with 30 keV Ga ions normal to the sample surface up to a maximum fluence of similar to 3 x 10(20) Ga/m(2). The bending of the cantilevers towards the incident beam is discussed in terms of local volume change due to accumulation of radiation-induced vacancies and substitutional Ga atoms in the Ga implantation layer, as well as due to accumulation of interstitial type clusters in the region beyond the Ga penetration range. A model is proposed to explain the observations, based on a set of rate equations for concentrations of point defects, i.e. vacancies, self-interstitials and implanted Ga atoms. The influence of preexisting defects is also discussed. The work shows that an in-depth understanding the ion-beam bending can play a predictive role in a quantitative control in for the micro-and nanofabrication of small-sized products. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.