Chionodraco hamatus is a teleost within the suborder Notothenioidei, the members of which are known to lack functional erythrocytes with modified hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis is an essential process during the development of animals, where it is tightly regulated by many different transcription factors, signaling proteins, chromatin modifications, and microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNAs are known to regulate the expression of their target genes at the post-transcriptional level. However, little is known about the miRNA-mediated regulation of hematopoiesis. In this study, we confirmed that miR-152 plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during the development of C hamatus. The overexpression of miR-152 reduced hematopoiesis according to the decreased expression of GATA1 and reduced o-dianisidine staining of hemoglobin. Mechanistically, reduced hematopoiesis was regulated by the miR-152-mediated down-regulated expression of GATA1. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the target gene of miR-152. Western blotting as well as dual luciferase and EGFP reporter assays were employed to investigate the expression of GATA1 mediated by miR-152. Finally, verification experiments in the zebrafish autologous model strongly supported the effect of miR-152 on hematopoiesis. In conclusion, we suggest that miR-152 is a novel molecular factor that regulates hematopoiesis during the development of C hamatus by down-regulating the expression of GATA1. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.