In this study, the combination of Fenton's reagent and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) was used in sludge conditioning for the enhancement of sludge dewatering performance. The effects of CPAM, H2O2, and Fe2+ dosages and pH on the moisture content (MC) of the filter cake, the specific resistance of filtration (SRF), and the residual turbidity of the supernatant (RT) were investigated. To observe influencing mechanisms of sludge dewatering further, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed. Results demonstrated that the sludge dewatering performance obtained by the combination of Fenton's reagent and CPAM was significantly better than that obtained using Fenton's reagent or CPAM alone. The optimum conditions of sludge conditioning were as follows: 400 mg.L-1 Fe2+, 4 g.L-1 H2O2, 40 mg.L-1 CPAM, and pH 4. The SRF, MC, and RT at optimum conditions were reduced to minimum values of 1.06 x 10(12) m/kg, 58.9%, and 3.7, respectively. The optical microscopy and SEM analyses of sludge flocs confirmed that they were more conducive to sludge dewatering after the combination of Fenton oxidation and flocculation. The sludge dewatering results demonstrated that the combination of Fenton and flocculation process exhibited excellent performance in enhancing sludge dewatering and is a promising pretreatment approach to sludge disposal.