Asphaltene fractions extracted from samples of high-viscosity Ashal'cha (Tatarstan), Boka de Haruko (Cuba), and Tahe (China) deposits and a sample of oxidized road asphalt with trademark BND 50/70 produced by OAO TAIF-NK (OJSC Tatar-American Investments and Finances, Nizhnekamsk) were studied. Five asphaltene fractions of these crude oils and oil products were obtained by step-by-step extraction with solvents of various compositions and dissolving powers. The fractional compositions of asphaltenes from various types of oil and of a product that had been subjected to refinery processing were found to vary. Spectral coefficients were determined from the IR spectroscopic data for individual fractions characterizing the structural-group composition of the subjects of investigation.