In this paper, gravity separation of Huadian (HD) and Longkou (LK) oil shales and low-temperature pyrolysis characteristics of their different density fractions have been studied. The gravity separation results showed that kerogen could be enriched using the gravity separation method. The low-temperature pyrolysis results showed that the highest oil contents of HD and LK were in the density fractions of 1.4-1.5 and 1.5-1.6 gcm(-3), respectively. Meanwhile, for the low-temperature pyrolysis, the oil/gas ratio decreased with the density increase, indicating higher gas loss and lower oil yield with the increase of density. The mineralogical analysis showed that most of the organic matter were associated with clay minerals, and the organic matter could not fully liberate from the matrix under coarse particles. The migration and occurrence of minerals and organic matter in different density fractions generated various pyrolysis characteristics.