Oxidative desulfurization of straight-run nonhydrotreated diesel fraction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Na2MoO4 or Na2WO4, dibenzyl peroxide, and potassium permanganate; by air bubbling; and in the presence of ionic liquids has been studied. The oxidation products have been recovered from the oxidized diesel fraction using alumina, silica gel, or activated charcoal or via extraction with acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, or acetone. The best results of the diesel desulfurization have been achieved in the case of dibenzyl peroxide as an oxidizing agent in the presence of Na2MoO4.