Rabbits have many hereditary diseases common to humans and are therefore a valuable model for regenerative disease and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapies. Currently, there is no substantial data on the isolation and/or enrichment of rabbit HSCs. This study was initiated to evaluate the efficiency of the commercially available anti-CD34 and anti-CD133 antibodies for the detection and potential enrichment of rabbit HSCs from peripheral blood. PBMCs from rabbit and human blood were labelled with different clones of antihuman CD34 monoclonal antibodies (AC136, 581, and 8G12) and rabbit polyclonal CD34 antibody (pCD34) and anti-human CD133 monoclonal antibodies (AC133 and 293C3). Flow cytontetry showed a higher percentage of rabbit CD34(+) cells labelled by AC136 in comparison to the clone 581 and pCD34 (P < 0.01). A higher percentage of rabbit CD133 cells were also detected by 293C3 compared to the AC133 clone (P <0.01). Therefore. AC136 clone was used for the indirect immunomagnetic enrichment of rabbit CD34(+) cells using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). The enrichment of the rabbit CD34(+) cells alter sorting was low in comparison to human samples (2.4% vs. 39.6%). PCR analyses confirmed the efficient enrichment of human CD34(+) cells and the low expression of CD34 mRNA in rabbit positive fraction. In conclusion, the tested antibodies might be suitable for detection, but not for sorting the rabbit CD34(+) HSCs and new specific anti-rabbit CD34 antibodies are needed for efficient enrichment of rabbit HSCs. (C) 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers