Occupant behaviour has a direct impact on building energy consumption. A better understanding of human-building interactions enables to describe with higher accuracy the occupant behaviour. This paper addresses occupant behaviour in residential buildings, providing a review of current methods in (1) monitoring occupant behaviour, (2) developing occupant behaviour models, and (3) applying occupant behaviour models in building performance simulations. Occupant behaviour studies with focus on residential buildings are presented including both challenges and potential for improving building energy performance. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.