This paper aims to provide an up-to-date, realistic picture of the Romanian coal sector based on four interconnected perspectives: geological, economical, energy, and strategical. It reviews the latest data, evaluations, and reassessments regarding the potential of current resources and reserves, geological and petrographic aspects, current status of the coal mining industry, resource management, and analyzes the present national strategies in this field. This review provides some perspectives towards key aspects of the Romanian coal sector and builds a foundation for a more in-depth analysis and strategical development of the Romanian coal mining and management.