A novel hairy-shaped Ni nanowire embedded nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped carbon nanofibers (Ni/N,SCNFs) with superior electrocatalytic properties for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) was reported. The Ni/N, S-CNFs was prepared by electrospinning and carbonization process, using melamine-trithiocyanuric acid (MTCA) aggregates as both the N and S element sources. Noteworthy, MTCA also favored the formation of Ni nanowire via vapor liquid-solid mechanism, while Ni nanoparticles loaded CNFs (Ni/CNFs) was obtained without MTCA. For UOR tests, a high peak current intensity of 37.0 mA mg(-1) was obtained on Ni/N,S-CNFs at 0.42 V (vs. SCE), 2-times higher of that on Ni/CNFs. Besides, the catalytic stability of Ni/ N,S-CNFs was also improved. The enhanced catalytic properties of Ni/N,S-CNFs for UOR were ascribed to its unique Ni nanowires structure as well as the N, S dual-doping. Our work reveals that the property improvement of metal-based catalysts could be achieved by the heteroatom doping to fine the metal nanostructure. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.