A free-standing unidirectional graphene aerogel/polyaniline (UGA/PANI) composite possessing the oriented PANI nanowire arrays on highly aligned and interconnected graphene network is obtained, through a facile in situ polymerization of PANI on a unidirectional graphene aerogel scaffold. The resulted novel hierarchical structure can reduce the internal resistance and facilitate ion diffusion, which allows this electrode material to exhibit better electrochemistry performances. The UGA/PANI composite subsequently displays an enhanced specific capacitance of 538 F g(-1) at 1.0 A g(-1) with appreciable rate capability (keeps 73% even at 10 A g(-1)) as well as fine cycle stability (remains 74% of its initial specific capacitance after 1000 cycles at 3 A g(-1)). Besides, the electrochemical performances of UAG/PANI composite reported far excel that of conventional graphene aerogel/polyaniline (GA/PANI) composite with random graphene network and tortuous pores (345 F g(-1) at 1.0 A g(-1), 39% retention at 10 A g(-1)), demonstrating that proper construction of oriented structure is beneficial for achieving potential of PANI.