Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol.101, No.11, 4968-4975, 2018
Rapid sintering protocol produces dense ceria-based ceramics
We report on a rapid sintering protocol, which optimizes the preparation of 0-29 mol% Gd-doped ceria ceramics with density 98% of the theoretical crystal lattice value. The starting material is a nanometer grain-sized powder prepared by carbonate co-precipitation and calcined with minimal agglomeration and loss of surface area. Slow (5 degrees C/min) heating of the green-body from 500 degrees C to the optimum temperature of rapid sintering (, dwell time <1 minute) followed by 20 degrees C/min cooling to 1150 degrees C with 6 minutes dwell time, produces maximum pellet density. T1opt increases from 1300 to 1500 degrees C with increase in Gd-content, while the average grain size in the maximally dense pellets, as determined by scanning electron microscopy, ranges between 600 nm and 1 m. For each doping level, the logarithm of the average grain size decreases linearly with 1/T-1. By avoiding extended exposure to sintering temperatures, this protocol is expected to minimize undesirable Gd segregation.