Gouging abrasion occurs in many processes in comminution where large and hard abrasives such as rocks/ores are handled with high contact or impact stresses. In the past decade or so, the National Research Council Canada has systematically investigated the gouging abrasion performance of a wide range of materials per the ASTM G81 standard testing method using a jaw crusher. Materials evaluated include carbon and low alloy steels, high alloy tool steels, austenitic manganese steel, white cast irons, austempered ductile irons, chromium carbide and tungsten carbide overlays. In this paper, the main test results are summarized and the key properties/characteristics that are conducive to enhancing materials' gouging abrasion resistance are discussed.