The neurotrophin Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a critical role in the mature and developing nervous system. A point mutation (R100W) in the NGFB gene was found in patients with Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy type V (HSAN V), which leads to pain insensitivity. In a previous work it has been shown that the mutation provokes a reduced secretion of mature NGF. In this study we generated and analyzed homozygous NGF(R100W/R100W) mice to understand whether the reduced NGF bioavailability can contribute to the clinical phenotype of the homozygous condition. We found that the majority of NGF(R100W/R100W) mice were born normal but failed to reach the first month of age. This early lethality was rescued by daily treatment with wild type NGF. In addition, we found that the density of cholinergic neurons of homozygous mice was unaffected in the medial septum and in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, whereas, suprisingly, it was increased specifically in the striatum. Due to the known action of the striatal cholinergic tone in modulating pain, our findings support the hypothesis that a central mechanism, linked to the NGF(R100W)-dependent increase of the striatal cholinergic tone, can contribute to the pain insensitivity observed in HSAN V patients. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.