Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) polymeric membranes incorporated by synthesized hydrophobic agents were applied for membrane distillation. ZnO nanoparticles were modified with a silane coupling agent (n-octyltriethoxysilane) and coupled by zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF)-8 crystals. In particular, hydrophobic and porous membranes were prepared with ZIF crystals and modified ZnO/ZIF-coupled nanoparticles. The influences of feed concentration and temperature of NaCl solution and seawater during filtration were evaluated. The hydrophobic modified membranes showed a higher permeate flux than pure PVDF membranes at different feed concentrations and feed temperatures. After modification, the porosity increased significantly and the contact angle became larger.