This study demonstrates the fabrication of a highly activated and integrated nanoscale interlayer of cathodes in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using the precursor-solution electrospray method. Uniform, crack-free La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-delta (LSC) and LSC-CeO2 thin-film layers are fabricated by using optimized precursor-solution electrospray and sintering conditions. The LSC-CeO2 composite layer served as a nanoscale-cathode-functional layer (nCFL) by suppressing grain growth and increasing the number of triple-phase boundaries. The LSC nanoscale-adhesive layer (nAL) played a limited role as an adhesive layer due to a large amount of grain growth and limited triple-phase boundaries. Low-temperature SOFCs with the nAL and nCFL nanoscale interlayers showed maximum power densities of similar to 1.108 and 1.150 W cm(-2) at 650 degrees C, which were similar to 13% and 18% higher, respectively, than those of a reference cell without nanoscale interlayers. (C) 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.