This work explores the influence of hydrogen and ethanol on improving engine's behavior of Maduca longifolia oil (MO) based dual fuel diesel engine. A mono cylinder diesel engine was tested in dual fuel mode of operation at the rated power output of 3.7 kW under variable hydrogen energy shares from 0 to the maximum allowable limit (until severe knocking i.e. upto 20%). The knock limit was further extended by injecting water and ethanol at the intake manifold and the engines performance, emission and combustion characteristics were analyzed. In addition ethanol was also injected and introduced along with the intake air for comparison with hydrogen dual fuel mode. Dual fuel operation increased the BTE from 25.2% with neat MO to a maximum of 28.5% and 30% respectively with hydrogen and ethanol for the energy share of 15% and 38% where as the BTE was 30.8% with ND. The smoke opacity was reduced from 78% with neat MO to 58% for the hydrogen energy share of 15% which is the MEP (maximum efficiency point) whereas the smoke emission was noted as 51% with ND operation. However, hydrogen induction increased the NO (nitric oxide) emission. Injection of water and ethanol at the inlet was observed to extend the knocking limit with improved BTE. The BTE reached a maximum of 30.1% with 5% water and 30.8% with 10% ethanol injection. The MEPs were arrived as 31% and 30% hydrogen energy shares respectively with 5% water and 10% ethanol injection. It was concluded that hydrogen induction can be very effective in improving the diesel engine's performance when using MO as base fuel when operating on dual fuel mode. The performance could be improved by extending the knock limit by injecting ethanol and water along with hydrogen. (C) 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.