beta-HgS quantum dots (QDs) have drawn enormous attention due to the size-tunable bandgap and the lowest quantum state in conduction band which have been applied to semiconductor transistor and photodetector. Though beta-HgS is the essential component ofTibetan medicine, the potential toxicity of beta-HgS limits its applications, especially in bio-application. Herein, chiral biomolecule enantiomers N-isobutyryl-L(D)-cysteine (L(D)-NIBC) and L(D)-cysteine (L(D)-Cys) were introduced into HgCl2 and Na2S aqueous solution to synthesize chiral beta-HgS QDs in one-pot, which significantly improved their water-solubility and cytocompatibility. Notably, all chiral p-HgS QDs showed none cytotoxicity even at high concentration (20 mg.L-1), and the cytocompatibility of D-beta-HgS QDs was better than corresponding L-beta-HgS QDs at the concentration of 20 mg.L-1. This cytotoxicity discrimination was associated with the chirality inversion of chiral beta-HgS QDs compared with the corresponding chiral ligands. In-situ real-time circular dichroism (CD) monitoring indicated that the chirality of beta-HgS QDs originated from the asymmetrical arrangement of chiral ligands on the achiral core surface. Their chiroptical activity, near-infrared optical absorption (800 nm), fluorescence emission (900-1000 nm), high-performance photothermal conversion and good cytocompatibility, implied chiral beta-HgS QDs could be used as a candidate material for photothermal therapy or a near-infrared fluorescent probe in organism, which brings a novel insight for bio-application of beta-HgS QDs. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.