Glass polishing powder waste comprises ultrafine particles of ceria-based abrasive and polished glass powder. This study investigated the separation of ceria-based abrasive particles from glass polishing powder waste through liquid-liquid-powder extraction. Kerosene was used as the oil phase, and sodium oleate (NaOL) was used as the surfactant collector. First, the properties of the ceria-based abrasive/glass powder particles transferred from the water phase to the kerosene phase and the effect of surfactant collector addition were investigated individually. Then, separation of ceria-based abrasive from an artificial particle mixture of ceria-based abrasive and glass powder was carried out to determine the optimal extraction conditions. Finally, the method was applied to a glass polishing powder waste. The results indicated that with the addition of 2 kg/ton NaOL, more than 90% of the ceria-based abrasive particles were extracted from the water phase to the kerosene phase at a pH of 5-9. The pH and NaOL addition had negligible effect on the extracted fraction of the glass powder, which remained at approximately 10-15%. The optimal extraction conditions for the separation of ceria-based abrasive from an artificial particle mixture of ceria-based abrasive and glass powder were obtained at pH 7. Both the grade and recovery of the ceria-based abrasive in the kerosene phase solid were higher than 90% when more than 5 kg/ton NaOL was added. With the addition of 10 kg/ton NaOL, the grade was 98.5% and recovery was 97.1%. Similar results were obtained after applying this technique to a glass polishing powder waste.