Improper disposal of high organic load rice mill effluent may cause adverse impact to the environment. In the present study, we fabricated anti-biofouling polyethersulfone (PES) membrane by incorporating chitosan (CH) and 2(5H)-furanone loaded chitosan (FCH) nanoparticles for the effective treatment of rice mill effluent. As prepared, membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscopy. Membrane performance was evaluated by rice mill effluent filtration studies. PES/1.5 wt.% FCH membrane showed the higher flux rate with lesser fouling reduction ratio of 32%, chemical oxygen demand rejection of 63%, and color reduction of 67%. Moreover, it exhibited the better anti-biofouling resistance than the neat PES membrane.