A new glance on the comparison between membrane distillation (MD) and pervaporation is performed. There is a difficulty in this comparison, mainly due to different hydrodynamic conditions reported in the literature. Pervaporation and MD are similar although the comparison between these two processes can be tricky. In that way, how can we make a proper comparison between results of these two processes? This study proposes a reasonable comparison between MD and pervaporation for ethanol-water separation. Two very distinct regions of results in terms of selectivity and flux are presented. Feed temperature and composition and concentration polarization effects were also investigated.