Solar Energy, Vol.179, 226-235, 2019
Evaluation of removing snow and ice from photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) panels by circulating hot water
Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems can generate thermal and electrical energy by using solar radiation. The production and implementation cost of PV/T systems has decreased continuously over the past decade. Consequently, the number of PV/T systems installed around the world has increased including regions with significant annual snowfall. However, a key challenge is to reduce the effects of snow accumulation on the panel surfaces. The aim of this study is to propose a method for removing snow from PV/T panels by circulating hot fluid through the back of the panel. To evaluate the method, two PV/T panels were installed adjacent to each other outdoor at a tilt angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. Therefore, to accurately measure the heat flux required for melting snow, one of the panels was insulated and heated by circulating hot fluid through its absorber plate bonded to the back surface. The reference panel remained uninsulated and empty, with no fluid circulation. The surface temperature of each panel was measured during the snow removal process as well as atmospheric temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed. Comparing the results for the insulated and uninsulated panels showed that this method can clean the panel In a short period of time. The results of this study were also compared with the results given by a numerical model presented in the literature for snow removal from PV modules by electrically heating the panel. In addition, an improved configuration for the back-absorber plate of a PV/T panel was proposed to enhance the snow removal process. Finally, a non-dimensional number was also defined to show the ratio of the energy used to remove snow from a panel to the energy generated by the panel after the snow removal based on the daily panel production.