It is necessary to improve indoor air quality while meeting the indoor thermal demand of buildings during winter. The transpired solar collector (TSC) is a solar energy integration technology in buildings, which usually consists of a heat collecting plate with infiltration holes, an air layer, an insulation wall, air outlet and other appurtenances. It not only provides preheated fresh air for the indoor environment, but also reduces the cold wind infiltration heat load in winter. In this paper, the heat transfer process of each component of the transpired solar collectors was analyzed comprehensively. Findings on, the heat collection efficiency, heat exchange efficiency indexes and optimized parameters of the transpired solar collectors are presented. Moreover, an integrated and detailed performance test platform for the transpired solar collectors heating characteristics and optimization parameters was developed. Additionally, a comprehensive and multi-condition experimental study was carried out. One important finding is that the non-uniform distribution of infiltration holes at the top and bottom of the transpired solar collectors significantly influence on the preheating effect of fresh air and the overall efficiency of the system. Moreover, an increase in the uniformity of the infiltration holes, increase the heat collection efficiency and heat exchange efficiency by 25% and 10% respectively. Furthermore, the heat collection gain per unit of heat collecting plate area increased by about 34.7 W, and the outlet temperature could be improved by about 15 degrees C. These findings provide a critical design reference for the high-performance application of the transpired solar collectors in buildings.