This study presents the improved memory properties of TiN/Al2O3/Si3N4/SiO2/poly-Si (TANOS) capacitors after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and high-pressure annealing processes (HPAP) using H-2 and D-2 molecules. First, it was confirmed that the recrystallization rate, and thus the grain size of the poly-silicon (poly-Si) film, increased with an increase of the RTA temperature, eventually improving the performance of the TANOS capacitor by reducing the trap densities at the poly-Si/SiO2 interface. Then, it was found that device performance parameters, such as program/erase speed and data retention, could be further improved through HPAP owing to the passivation of band gap states at the poly-Si channel grain boundary. Finally, it was confirmed that these improvements can be observed at a transistor level in the same fashion using the Silvaco TCAD simulation. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.