Stretchable and compressible hydrogels based on natural polymers have received immense considerations for electronics. The feasibility of using pure natural polymer-based hydrogels could be improved if their mechanical behaviors satisfy the requirements of practical applications. Herein, we report highly stretchable (tensile strain similar to 126%) and compressible (compression strain similar to 80%) cellulose ionic hydrogels (CIHs) among pure natural polymer-based hydrogels including cellulose, chitin, and chitosan via chemical cross-linking based on free radical polymerization of ally' cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous solution. In addition, the hydrogels have good transparency (transmittance of similar to 89% at 550 nm) and ionic conductivity (similar to 0.16 mS cm(-1)) and can be worked at -20 degrees C without freezing and visual loss of transparency. Moreover, the CIHs can serve as reliable and stable strain sensors and have been successfully used to monitor human activities. Significantly, the various properties of hydrogel can be controlled through rationally adjusting the chemically cross-linked density. Our methodology will prove useful in developing the satisfied mechanical and transparent CIHs for a myriad of applications in flexible electronics.