ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of the surface modification of 316L stainless steel (SS) by low-temperature plasma nitriding on endothelial cells for stent applications.ResultsX-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the incorporation of nitrogen into the treated steel. The surface treatment significantly increased SS roughness and hydrophilic characteristics. After 4h the cells adhered to the nitride surfaces and formed clusters. During the 24h incubation period, cell viability on the nitrided surface was higher compared to the polished surface. Nitriding reduced late apoptosis of rabbit aorta endothelial cell (RAEC) on the SS surface.ConclusionLow temperature plasma nitriding improved the biocompatible of stainless steel for use in stents.