This work presents a parametric programming framework for the optimal design and operation of systems with performance loss over time. A two-stage procedure is proposed. The unit is designed for the operating conditions just before maintenance. In a second stage, a multiperiod problem is solved for the optimal the operation of the unit over time including cleaning costs. The minimum operating cost as a function of the cycle length determines the operating cycle and the unit design. The methodology is applied to A-frame cooling systems under fouling conditions, where fouling affects the pressure drop and the global heat transfer coefficient. The sigmoidal deposition profile results in an optimal cycle time of 8 years. This design allows reducing the energy required to around 4% of the energy produced by the concentrated solar power plant. It is a promising result that can be affected by plant layout and ground availability. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.