We report results for the conversion of Arundo donax into liquid transportation fuels with an HZSM-5 catalyst via catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP, inert atmosphere) and catalytic fast hydropyrolysis (CHP, hydrogen atmosphere), with the goal of comparing the two technologies and understanding the effect of hydrogen on the product yields and composition. For CFP, we evaluated the effects of temperature, weight hourly space velocity, and pressure. The highest yield of hydrocarbons for CFP at atmospheric pressure was 11.6 C %. The main effects of adding hydrogen (CHP) were a decrease in the yield of coke, increase in the yield of liquid hydrocarbons, and increase in gaseous olefins. The introduction of hydrogen also led to a 17% reduction of coke relative to the coke produced under a helium atmosphere, with reduced pore blockage and surface area loss relative to CFP. Overall, CHP with HZSM-S at 400 degrees C and 35 bar can produce 8.9 gal/ton of liquid hydrocarbons (mostly BTX), as opposed to 6.0 gal/ton from CFP.