This paper has analyzed the energy and exergy distribution of a 2.3 L turbocharged hydrogen engine by mapping characteristics experiment. The energy loss during fuel energy conversion mainly includes: exhaust energy (23.5-34.7%), cooling medium (coolant and oil) energy (21.3-34.8%), intercooler energy (0.5-3.6%) and uncounted energy (5.81-4.1%), while the proportion of effective work ranges from 25.7% to 35.1%. Results show that all kinds of energies increase with engine speeds and they are not sensitive to the loads. However, the proportions of different kind of energy exhibit different characteristics. Moreover, the turbocharger can increase the brake thermal efficiency and the maximum can be increased by 4.8%. Exergy analysis shows exergy efficiency of the coolant energy does not exceed 5%, while the exergy efficiency of the exhaust energy can reach up to 23%. And the total hydrogen fuel thermal efficiency limit is theoretically above 59%. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.