In this paper, urchin-like carbon fibers/AlSi12 (CFs/AlSi12) are synthesized by in-situ growth of one-dimensional carbon fibers on the surface of AlSi12 microspheres. Copper metal catalyst for the growth of carbon fibers is inlaid within microcracks and micropores on the surface of AlSi12 microspheres, which are produced by corrosion via hydrochloric acid and subsequent displacement reaction between aluminum and copper dichloride. For subsequent chemical vapor deposition (CVD), argon/hydrogen gas and acetylene are used as pretreatment gas and carbon source, respectively. Lots of carbon fibers are formed on the surface of AlSi12 microspheres, and urchin-like CFs/AlSi12 are obtained finally. In addition, the growth mechanism of urchin-like CFs/AlSi12 is discussed briefly.