SiO2-Fe2O3 heterogeneous metamaterial was fabricated by one-step self-assembly process. The micro-morphology and optical properties of the SiO2-Fe2O3 heterogeneous metamaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer respectively. The crystal phase of the calcined Fe2O3 powders was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influences of the concentration of SiO2 suspension and voltage on heterogeneous metamaterials are discussed. The model of SiO2-Fe2O3 heterogeneous photonic crystal was established, and the wavelength of the bandgap center was simulated and analyzed. The results show that the ordered SiO2-Fe2O3 heterogeneous metamaterial can be successfully obtained by a one-step self-assembly process with no voltage when the concentration of SiO2 suspension is 3% (in a short time). In the suspension system, the voltage is not beneficial to the self-assembly process, and even destroys the electrode cathode. As can be seen from transmission spectra, the as-prepared samples have three bandgaps, and the absorption peaks are obvious in the near infrared range (1235-1419 nm). In this paper, we show that the application of this composite system can avoid dependence on the ITO electrode material.