Methods for the selective catalytic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones are surveyed. This part of the review is devoted to the catalysts on the basis of salts and oxides of transition metals. The greatest attention is paid to the reactions of oxidation with air or molecular oxygen. The influence of various factors (the nature of the alcohol, oxidizing agent, catalyst, and solvent) on the rate of the oxidation reaction and its direction is discussed.