Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanocomposites containing 5, 10, and 20 wt% titanium dioxide (TiO2), were prepared by mixing in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. By X-ray diffraction, a transformation of less ordered (alpha'-form) to better organized crystalline (alpha-form) structure of PLLA was observed with increasing TiO2 content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests revealed that cold crystallization was facilitated, as shown by the decrease of cold crystallization temperature (T-cc). The main melting peak of PLLA phase in nanocomposites, shifted towards higher temperatures and a shoulder appeared in the lower temperature flank of the curve, revealing a second peak for 20/80 w/w TiO2/PLLA nanocomposites. The effect of TiO2 on the isothermal crystallization of PLLA, in the temperature range T-ic: 100-120 degrees C, was also investigated by DSC. At lower temperatures (T-ic: 100 and 110 degrees C), the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles is an increase of the crystallization rate, leading to lower time for the completion of crystallization, in comparison with that of pure PLLA. The inverse effect was observed at higher crystallization temperatures (T-ic: 115 and 120 degrees C). The kinetic analysis of the crystallization behavior of the examined nanocomposites fits the Avrami equation quite well and gives values for exponent (n) varying between 2 and 3, suggesting a spherulitic crystalline morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:704-713, 2019. (c) 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers