양이온 계면활성제로 개질된 그래핀 옥사이드와 폴리스티렌 나노복합재료의 합성 및 특성분석

김보정; 손영곤; Bo-Jeong Kim; Younggon Son

Polymer(Korea), Vol.43, No.4, 519-526, July, 2019

DOI10.7317/pk.2019.43.4.519 Export Citation

양이온 계면활성제로 개질된 그래핀 옥사이드와 폴리스티렌 나노복합재료의 합성 및 특성분석

Syntheses and Characterizations of Functionalized Graphene Oxide with Cationic Surfactant/Polystyrene Nanocomposites

김보정, 손영곤 ^†

공주대학교 신소재공학부

Bo-Jeong Kim, and Younggon Son^†

Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam 331717, Korea

E-mail:

초록

화학적 박리법에 의하여 흑연으로부터 rGO(reduced graphene oxide)를 제조하는 공정은 산화 흑연(GO, graphene oxide)/황산 혼합용액에서 GO를 분리해내는 과정이 핵심이다. 이 연구에서는 GO/황산 혼합물에 양이온 계면 활성제를 투여하여 산을 쉽게 제거하는 방법을 제안하였다. GO/산 혼합물에 양이온 계면 활성제를 투여하면 양이온 계면활성제와 결합한 GO*는 기름 상과 친화력이 높아졌다. 여기에 친유성 용매인 CH2Cl2를 투여하면 GO*는 CH2Cl2 상으로 이동하여, 황산 + 물 + KMnO4 상과 GO* + CH2Cl2 두 상으로 층 분리되었다. 건조를 통해서 GO* + CH2Cl2 상에서 분리한 GO*를 열 환원법으로 rGO로 전환하였다. 또한 GO*와 폴리스티렌(PS) 나노 복합재료를 제조하였다. 중합법, 용액 혼련법 및 용융 혼련법의 세가지 방법을 사용하여 제조한 복합재료에서 GO*의 분산 특성 및 용매 차단 특성에 대하여 평가하였다. 계면활성제로 개질된 GO*가 GO나 rGO보다 PS과의 나노복합재료 제조 시에 분산성이 월등함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 비극성 용매에 대해 차단특성실험을 한 결과 PS/GO* 나노복합재료의 경우가 차단 특성이 개선되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study reports a new method of purifying graphene oxide (GO) through the addition of cationic surfactants. In this process, the cationic surfactant, (benzyl dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium chloride), was added to GO/H2SO4 mixture. Then the GO* (GO coupled with the cationic surfactant) becomes lipophilic. When CH2Cl2, a lipophilic solvent, was added to the mixture, the GO* migrated to CH2Cl2 phase, and resulted in a two-phase system consisting of H2SO4 + water + KMnO4 -phase, and GO* + CH2Cl2 -phase. The GO* was separated from GO* + CH2Cl2 mixture by drying and then subsequently converted to reduced-GO by thermal reduction. After purification, GO* and polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites were fabricated by polymerization, solvent mixing and melt mixing. It was found that nanocomposites with surfactant treated GO* exhibited better dispersion in PS than conventional-GO and reduced-GO and demonstrated improved barrier properties in non-polar solvents.

Keywords:graphene;functionalized graphene oxide;polystyrene;nanocomposite

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[1] Kuzmenko AB, Heumen EV, Carbone F, Marel DVD, Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 117401 (2008)

[2] Zhang Y, Tan JW, Stormer KL, Kim P, Nature, 438, 201 (2005)

[3] Stoller MD, Park S, Zhu Y, An J, Ruoff RS, Nano Lett., 8, 3498 (2008)

[4] Baby TT, Ramaprabhu S, J. Appl. Phys., 108, 124308 (2010)

[5] Novoselov KS, Jiang D, Schedin F, Booth TJ, Khotkevich VV, Morozov SV, Geim AK, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 102, 10451 (2005)

[6] Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Katsnelson MI, Grigorieva IV, Dubonos SV, Firsov AA, Nature, 438, 197 (2005)

[7] Geim AK, Novoselov KS, Nature Mater., 6, 183 (2007)

[8] Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW, Hone J, Science, 321, 385 (2008)

[9] Mittal G, Dhand V, Rhee KY, Park SJ, Lee WR, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 21, 11 (2015)

[10] Kim H, Abdala AA, Macosko CW, Macromolecules, 43(16), 6515 (2010)

[11] Cho J, Gao L, Tian J, Cao H, Wu W, Yu Q, Yitamben EN, Fisher B, Guest JR, Chen YP, Guisinger NP, ACS Nano, 5, 3607 (2011)

[12] Li X, Cai W, An J, Kim S, Nah J, Yang D, Piner R, Valemakanni A, Jung I, Tutuc E, Banerjee SK, Colombo L, Ruoff RS, Science, 324, 1312 (2009)

[13] Pan Y, Zhang HG, Shi DX, Sun JT, Du SX, Liu F, Gao HJ, Adv. Mater., 21(27), 2777 (2009)

[14] Sutter PW, Flege JI, Sutter EA, Nature Mater., 7, 406 (2008)

[15] Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA, Science, 306, 666 (2004)

[16] Hummers W, Offeman R, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 1339 (1958)

[17] Kuila T, Bose S, Mishra AK, Khanra P, Kim NH, Lee JH, Prog. Mater. Sci., 57(7), 1061 (2012)

[18] Dimiev AM, Alemany LB, Tour JM, ACS Nano, 7, 576 (2013)

[19] Blanton TN, Majumdar D, Powder Diffract., 27, 104 (2012)

[20] Szabo´ T, Szeri A, De´ka´ny I, Carbon, 43, 87 (2005)

[21] Metzner AB, J. Rheol., 29, 739 (1985)

[22] Jin SH, Park YB, Yoon KH, Compos. Sci. Technol., 67, 3434 (2007)