Shot peening is a typical surface strengthening process that is widely applied in engineering practice for it can introduce finer grains in the near-surface layer and generate a compressive residual stress (CRS) layer. The finite element method, together with a Python subscript, is applied to create a multiple-shot model to estimate the evolution of the shot peening coverage. The influences of coverage on residual stress, plastic strain and surface topography are discussed. The predicted results reveal that as the shot peening coverage increases from 100% to 400% under the given processing condition, the maximum CRS and the plastic strain will increase gradually. But there is no evident alteration on the width of CRS layer and plastic strain layer. The variations of each roughness parameter with coverage are different.